Citation: Liu, J., T. Dietz, S.R. Carpenter, W.W. Taylor, M. Alberti, P. Deadman, C. Redman, A. Pell, C. Folke, Z. Ouyang and J. Lubchenco. 2021. Coupled human and natural systems: The evolution and applications of an integrated framework. Ambio 50:1778-1783.